Cost-effective upgrading of biomass pyrolysis oil using …
As dolomite deactivates (by carbonation of Ca(OH) 2 and CaO to CaCO 3 and by coke deposition), cracking reactions involving poly-substituted phenols that lead to the formation of alkyl-phenols become significant. After 0.5 h on stream at 400 °C, 48% of the carbon fed in the raw bio-oil is converted into a high-quality bio-oil with low ...