This study presents experimental and numerical investigation of the behavior and failure modes of concrete column reinforced by hybrid steel and glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) bars and subjected to eccentric loads. Twelve reinforced concrete (RC) columns with cross-sectional dimensions of 135 × 135 mm and total length of 1150 mm …

The failure of the C–N–P-162-10 × 10-S column was due to crushing of concrete at the upper end of the column and breakage the CFRP cord occurred within lapped regions. Fig. 7 g shows the failure mode of the C–N–P-162-10 × 10-S specimen. The C–N–P-93-5 × 20-S column failed due to the crushing of concrete and sudden …

The failure sequence of the concrete columns: (a) Test 1; (b) Test 2. Tensile failure of geosynthetics. Fig. 9 shows the tensile strains of the two geosynthetic layers versus the various embankment centre settlements S in both cases. At S = 0.2 m and S = 0.5 m, a limited global strain is observed. The maximum tensile strain of the two ...

The probable yield strength of these older columns (f y ≤ 300 MPa) will result in a balance axial load ratio typically greater than 0.3; thus, an axial load ratio of 0.3 serves as a reliable lower bound estimate of the transition to …

Two primary modes of column failure are crushing and buckling, which are influenced by the column's slenderness ratio and material properties. Long columns fail due to buckling, a phenomenon …

The results show that local failure, such as crushing, cratering, and spall of concrete, is more likely to happen when the RC column is subjected to close-in blast …

Columns can be categorized into two contrasting groups of long and short columns. When the ratio of the effective length of a column to its least lateral dimension is equal to or less than 12, the column is considered short. In general, short columns fail by crushing. f c =[latex]frac{P}{A}≤[/latex] F c. Where: f c = Actual compressive stress

With an increase of time, the crushing of concrete propagated towards to the bottom end of the column where the concrete was fully crushed into powder at 9 ms. For GFRP tube-confined concrete, in general, it also showed an explosive crushing of the concrete column at failure.

This leads to a series of potential failure modes: crushing of the concrete of the slab between columns, flexural failures or punching shear failures. ... Square-confined concrete columns without ...

During crushing failure, the load quickly rises to a peak, with the circular section's peak slightly surpassing the hexagonal, both exceeding the square.

correctly predict the failure mode of a column in every case. Therefore, the primary objective of this work is to propose a discriminant model more precise to investigate and predict the failure type of reinforced concrete (RC) column before damage. 2 Column failure modes RC columns under both lateral and axial loads are

At approximate 92% of the failure load of the column (1140 kN), concrete cover spalled off and a visible buckling of longitudinal reinforcement with outside buckling in the transverse reinforcement (stirrups) occurred from one side as shown in Fig. 14 a. When the load reached 1250 kN, crushing damage was observed and total collapse of …

Depending on yielding of steel and crushing of concrete, flexure failure is further divided into following types: a. Flexural Tension Failure. In this type of failure, the steel reinforcement starts yielding before crushing of concrete. It is also known as ductile failure because it gives enough warning of failure in form of deflection.

A total of 18 circular concrete columns (9 SHFC columns and 9 GHFC columns) having a height of 1150 mm and a diameter of 250 mm were constructed and tested under axial loading at various eccentricities. ... GFRP longitudinal bars were fractured showing a crushing failure caused by the damage in HFRC due to the high stresses at …

There may be many errors that could happen in construction and they also can categorize under types of column failure. Employing qualified engineer to the project and close supervision of construction work will minimize these types of column failure. 1. Mistakenly reduce the bar diameter 2. … See more

Cooling column by jet water resulted in 17% reduction in failure load than columns cooling gradually in room temperature. Parameters of Columns Testing Specimens. Concrete mix design for 1 m 3 ...

that the failure of column is by yielding of steel and not by crushing of concrete. If the column is idealized as a rigid body, the flexural deformation of the column can be represented by the rotation of the rigid body. …

No buckling was observed during the test, and all specimens failed with a crushing failure mode in the gauge length. This failure is described by ASTM D6641 /D6641M [15] ... Overall, this study showed that for short concrete columns strengthen with NSM CFRP laminates, crushing, buckling, or debonding failures of CFRP laminates in …

Failure Envelope of Circular Concrete Columns Reinforced with Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Bars and Spirals ... concrete crushing, followed by buckling of the longitudinal

A column is to be classified into one of three failure modes based on the nominal shear strength, the plastic shear demand on the column, and the transverse reinforcement …

Definition of compression failure: Compression failure belongs to the material itself crushing or yielding nor the column. Shorter and wider column usually collapse under compression failure. When the axially …

The column failure mechanism can be identified, and the column shear demand can be calculated by Eqs. (4), (5)). The infill strut force should be estimated by the appropriate formula in this state. ... be noted that the shear strength of the columns with a height to depth ratio not exceeding 1 is controlled by the concrete crushing strength …

The failure is by compressive yielding of steel and crushing of concrete for short columns and an overall instability failure mode by partial compressive yielding of steel and crushing and cracking of concrete for longer columns. For columns with high D / t ratio, failure is by local buckling. For columns under cycling loads, the concrete ...

1. Compression Failure. 2. Buckling Failure. 3. Shear Failure. 1. Compression Failure: When columns are axially loaded, the concrete and steel will undergo some stresses. When there are extreme loads with …

Column Design - Reinforcement Detailing. At least 4 bars for rectangular section and 6 for circular section. Bar diameter ϕ ≥ 12 m m. Links to form steel cage and confine concrete. Minimum size =1/4 x size of compression bar & ≥ 6 m m. Maximum spacing =min (20x size of the smallest compression bar, the least lateral dimension, 400mm)

However, prolonged compression causes specific sections of the aluminum column to undergo crushing failure, substantially reducing its load-bearing capacity—indicating a subsequent phase.

Finally, a Mohr-Coulomb stress check should be performed to check the potential crushing of the concrete. For this check, the characteristic compressive strength of concrete (25MPa) should be divided by an appropriate material factor (>1.0). Shear wall with uniform load. A 4.0x2.0x0.15m wall is supported by two 0.5m wide columns.

Chao Zeng, Peng Cui, Zhiman Su, Yu Lei & Rong Chen. 1785 Accesses. 50 Citations. Explore all metrics. Abstract. Buildings are the element of greatest concern …

An effectiveness coefficient for FRP-confined partial concrete columns was proposed. Li et al. [13] ... The concrete exhibited inverted-cone crushing failure after cutting the GFRP tube, while the steel tube exhibited overall bending. It was mainly considered that there was a concrete weak zone at the top of the specimen, resulting in …

Zhang et al. studied the hysteretic behavior of six glass bead insulation concrete frame columns (GIC columns) and one ordinary concrete frame column; the results can provide theoretical basis for ...