The ilmenite phase followed the stepwise reduction where iron oxides is first reduced into iron while titanium oxide reduced into Ti n O 2n−1 with suboxides formation in later steps. It has been indicated that the carbothermal reduction of ilmenite using graphite under inert argon gas, the reductions are incomplete because of the …

Ilmenite is an important mineral resource containing Fe and Ti, and titanium concentrate can be obtained after beneficiation. Through the preparation of titanium concentrate oxidized pellets, gas-based shaft furnace reduction experiments, and melting and separation experiments, the phase changes during the roasting process of titanium …

Ilmenite reduced very quickly to iron and an M 3 O 5 phase at these temperatures. This oxide phase containing both iron and titanium became progressively richer in titanium with time, until pure Ti 3 O 5 was formed. At 1790 K, ilmenite reduced to M 2 O 3 before the oxy carbide phase was formed. Manganese present in the ore …

Aeration Leaching of Iron from Nitrided Malaysian Ilmenite Reduced by Polystyrene-Coal Reductant. Hazman Seli. 2016, Procedia Chemistry. See Full PDF Download PDF.

These titaniferous slags are coproducts of smelting processes where iron is removed from the ilmenite ore [9,10]. Typically, the feedstock for slag manufacture is ilmenite with a concentration of titanium dioxide below 50%, finally containing about 85% TiO 2 ; however, through high-pressure acid leaching, titanium slag can be enriched to about ...

Ilmenite is the primary feedstock for the manufacturing of titanium goods, however it needs to be refined before the usage. Becher is an eco-friendly process for refining ilmenite by rusting metallic iron from reduced ilmenite to separate iron and TiO 2, and NH 4 Cl is the commonly utilized solvent in this method. In the current study, the …

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 °C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron.

and reduce ilmenite when the reaction temperature exceeds 1100 K. Validation experi-ments indicate that Ti 3O 5 can be used to reduce ilmenite to iron and rutile. Furthermore, by

The bright phases at the surface of the reduced ilmenite grain are metallic iron. Figure 7a shows the micro-morphology of an ilmenite grain reduced using graphite. It is clear that the external layer appears to be a reduced ilmenite phase, and the internal layer is unreduced ilmenite. In addition, metallic iron is not present in the reduced grain.

Briefly, ilmenite was digested in sulfuric acid of varying concentration (20%, 50%, and 80%) at three temperatures (50, 70 and 110 °C) for 90 min. Fe 3+ ions were partially reduced to Fe 2+ by adding iron powder and the resulting solution was cooled to 10 °C to remove the iron(II) sulfate heptahydrate crystals. pH of the remaining solution ...

The commercial processes to extract iron from ilmenite (FeTiO3) essentially include energy-intensive methods, such as high-temperature reduction smelting or preoxidation, coupled with reduction by ...

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 °C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron.

Furthermore, after iron separation via CTRN, iron particles were successfully removed from nitrided ilmenite by aeration leaching with NH 4 Cl solution using 0.1wt% AQ-2 catalyst at 70°C for 3 h ...

The process of selective reduction of iron in ilmenite and the simultaneous formation of Fe–C alloy melting at low temperatures, was investigated. The reduced sample was characterised at each stage using SEM. The influence of temperature, time and additives …

We present in situ measurements of the unit-cell volume of a natural terrestrial ilmenite (Jagersfontein mine, South Africa) and a synthetic reduced ilmenite (FeTiO{sub 3}) at simultaneous high pressure and high temperature up to 16 GPa and 1273 K. Unit-cell volumes were determined using energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray …

For the 1000 °C sample all peaks can be explained by the presence of ilmenite, and the reduction products iron and rutile, indicating the sample is partially reduced. Meanwhile the 1100 °C sample produced XRD peaks that indicate the presence of ferropseudobrookite (FeTi 2 O 5), along with the iron, rutile, and ilmenite. The 1050 °C …

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 C, contained 62.88% TiO 2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size was about 200 m and the size distribution was uniform. The e ects of NH4Cl and HCl concentrations, stirring speed, and aeration leaching time on the extent of ...

In this work, acetic and citric acids were used along with ammonium chloride in the removal of iron from reduced Hatinh ilmenite. Iron removal was carried out at 70ºC, 4 liter/min of air flow ...

Ilmenite is the primary feedstock for the manufacturing of titanium goods, however it needs to be refined before the usage. Becher is an eco-friendly process for refining ilmenite by rusting metallic iron from reduced ilmenite to separate iron and TiO 2, and NH 4 Cl is the commonly utilized solvent in

The oxidation of metallic iron in the reduced ilmenite can be significantly shortened from nearly 20 h to about 5 h with the addition of AQ-2, 6 into the NH 4 Cl aqueous solution (as shown in Fig. 7). However, the effect of combined hydrochloric acid and AQ-2, 6 does little for further improving of the rusting rate. Thus, AQ-2, 6 alone is …

Ilmenite is the primary feedstock for the manufacturing of titanium goods, however it needs to be refined before the usage. Becher is an eco-friendly process for refining ilmenite by rusting metallic iron from reduced ilmenite to separate iron and TiO 2, and NH 4 Cl is the commonly utilized solvent in this method. In the current study, the …

Hussein et al. [21] studied the hydrochloric acid leaching of a pre-reduced ilmenite under the following conditions: 3.24 M HCl concentration, leaching temperature of 90°C, leaching time of 3 h and a solid/liquid ratio corresponding to 7% of solids; they achieved 95% of iron extraction, which is comparable to 97% iron extraction of the …

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 °C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size...

DRI production. Direct reduction of iron is the removal of oxygen from iron ore or other iron bearing materials in the solid state, i.e. without melting, as in the blast furnace. The reducing agents are carbon monoxide and hydrogen, coming from reformed natural gas, syngas or coal. Iron ore is used mostly in pellet and/or lumpy form.

The e ect of stirring speed on the removal of metallic iron from the reduced ilmenite was investigated by varying the impeller speed in the range of 400 to 1000 rpm. The concentration of ...

Abstract. Aeration leaching was used to obtain synthetic rutile from a reduced ilmenite. The reduced ilmenite, obtained from …

As shown in Table 2, the metallic iron in reduced ilmenite can be transformed into four kinds of Fe-bearing minerals under different corrosion conditions. The result illustrates that when the corrosion temperatures are 50, 70 and 75 °C at the oxygen flow rate of 1 × 103 L m−3 min−1 for … See more

The reduced ilmenite, obtained from the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite concentrate in a rotary kiln at about 1100 C, contained 62.88% TiO2 and 28.93% Metallic iron. The particle size was about 200 m and the size distribution was uniform.

The deep reduction of ilmenite concentrates through carbothermic way with the addition of Na2CO3 to produce high-quality titanium slag and iron powder is a novel energy-efficient process to ...

Materials. Table I shows the chemical composition of the ultra-high-titanium vanadium–titanium magnetite concentrate (<75 μm) used in the experiment. The data clearly reflect the mine's low-iron, high-vanadium, and ultra-high titanium characteristics. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the raw ore in Figure 1 shows that the phases of …